Which of the following factors is a known risk for an ectopic pregnancy?

• A. Use of diaphragm
• B. Fertility medications
• C. History of Chlamydia
• D. History of PID

Answer: (B)

An ectopic pregnancy happens when the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in a damaged or blocked fallopian tube. Any factor that disrupts tubal function or the embryo’s transport to the uterus can raise the risk. Fertility medications are associated with a higher chance of ectopic pregnancy, especially in stimulated cycles or when combined with assisted reproductive technologies. These drugs can lead to multiple ovulations and may alter how the fallopian tubes move or how embryos are transferred, increasing the likelihood that implantation occurs in the tube rather than in the uterus.

Diaphragm use doesn’t increase ectopic risk. A history of Chlamydia and prior PID do increase risk because they can cause tubal scarring or damage, making ectopic implantation more likely. The key point is that fertility treatments themselves are recognized as a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy, particularly in the context of underlying tubal issues.